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Cadmium and lead toxicity and bioaccumulation in

RZYMSKI Piotr,PONIEDZIALEK Barbara,NIEDZIELSKI Przemysław,TABACZEWSKI Piotr,WIKTOROWICZ Krzysztof

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 427-432 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0566-4

摘要： The growth of human population leads to intensification of agriculture and promotes, through eutrophication, development of cyanobacteria. One of the most widespread and bloom-forming species in freshwater is toxic ( ). Combustion of fossil fuels and metallurgical processes are the main sources of heavy metals contamination in surface water including cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The following study was conducted in order to determine the effect of 1–20 mg·L of Cd and Pb on photochemistry (using flow cytometry) and growth (based on chlorophyll concentration) of as well as to estimate levels of metal bioaccumulation. We have found that 1–10 mg·L of Cd and 1–5 mg·L of Pb induced continuous enhancement of chlorophyll fluorescence during 24 h of incubation. No significant degradation of chlorophyll was observed in these samples. At higher concentrations of 20 mg·L of Cd and 10–20 mg·L of Pb chlorophyll level significantly decreased and its fluorescence was quenched. demonstrated high capability of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation, proportionally to initial metal concentration. In samples with initial concentration of 20 mg·L of Cd and Pb bioaccumulation of 87.3% and 90.1% was observed, respectively. Our study demonstrates that can potentially survive in highly metals polluted environments, be a primary source of toxic metals in the food chain and consequently contribute to enhanced toxicity of heavy metals to living organisms including human.

关键词： Microcystis aeruginosa heavy metals bioaccumulation chlorophyll flow cytometry

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Flow cytometric assessment of the effects of chlorine, chloramine, and UV on bacteria by using nucleic

Xuebiao Nie, Wenjun Liu, Mo Chen, Minmin Liu, Lu Ao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0884-4

摘要： Flow cytometry based on nucleic acid stains and CTC was established and optimized. Membrane of is more resistant to chlorine/chloramine than . The metabolic activity of bacteria persisted after the cytomembranewas damaged. showed more resistance to UV irradiation than by FCM. MP-UV was a stronger inhibitor of metabolic activity than LP-UV. Flow cytometry (FCM) has been widely used in multi-parametric assessment of cells in various research fields, especially in environmental sciences. This study detected the metabolic activity of and by using an FCM method based on 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride (CTC); the accuracy of this method was enhanced by adding SYTO 9 and 10% R2A broth. The disinfection effects of chlorine, chloramine, and UV were subsequently evaluated by FCM methods. Chlorine demonstrated stronger and faster destructive effects on cytomembrane than chloramine, and nucleic acids decomposed afterwards. The metabolic activity of the bacteria persisted after the cytomembranewas damaged as detected using CTC. Low-pressure (LP) UV or medium-pressure (MP) UV treatments exerted no significant effects on membrane permeability. The metabolic activity of the bacteria decreased with increasing UV dosage, and MP-UV was a stronger inhibitor of metabolic activity than LP-UV. Furthermore, the membrane of Gram-positive was more resistant to chlorine/chloramine than that of Gram-negative . In addition, showed higher resistance to UV irradiation than .

关键词： Flow cytometry Escherichia coli Staphylococcusaureus UV CTC SYTO 9

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大鼠骨髓间质干细胞的分离纯化与鉴定

张荣利,冯　雪,张会亮,罗国安,李连达,王义明

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第7期页码 89-94

摘要：

采用密度梯度离心法分离骨髓间质干细胞，差速贴壁法进行纯化，应用流式细胞仪、激光共聚焦显微镜等对纯化细胞进行鉴定，结果细胞表面抗原CD29，CD44，CD105，CD166表达呈阳性，而CD14，CD34，CD45表达呈阴性。采用RT唱PCR鉴定了三个基因：nestin，NST，Oct-４，前两者呈阳性表达，后者弱阳性表达。这些细胞特异抗原与基因表达综合起来，表明得到的细胞具备骨髓间质干细胞的特性。密度梯度分离与差速贴壁相结合，可获得较好均一性的骨髓间质干细胞，是一种简单可靠、易于推广的骨髓干细胞获取方法，可为细胞与组织工程研究提供种子细胞。

关键词：大鼠骨髓间质干细胞流式细胞分析

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高速单像素成像技术原理及应用 Review

Qiang GUO, Yu-xi WANG, Hong-wei CHEN, Ming-hua CHEN, Si-gang YANG, Shi-zhong XIE

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第9期页码 1261-1267 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601719

摘要：单像素成像技术具有利用一个单像素探测器获取高分辨图像的能力，近十年来得到广泛关注。该技术已应用于多个领域，如核磁共振成像、航天遥感、太赫兹成像和高光谱成像。与传统相机相比，单像素相机可以实现图像压缩和超宽的频谱工作范围。然而，单像素相机的成像速度受到数字微镜阵列和图像压缩程度限制，导致其时间分辨率较低（毫秒量级）。因此，观察显微成像中的高速动态现象对于单像素相机而言是巨大挑战。最近，基于光子时间拉伸的高速单像素成像技术被提出，其远超普通相机的成像速度也得到验证。本文介绍了光子时间拉伸技术的原理和应用，给出了高速单像素相机的结构，并通过实验证实利用该相机可实现高速和高吞吐量细胞流式分析，最后，讨论了高速单像素相机的局限和应用潜力。

关键词：压缩采样；单像素成像；光子时间拉伸；成像式流式细胞仪

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Numerical study of internal flow field and flow passage improvement of an inlet particle separator

Florian PAOLI, Tong WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 386-397 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0156-8

摘要： By performing gas flow field numerical simulations for several inlet Reynolds numbers (from 2 × 10 to 9 × 10 ) and byflow ratios (from 10% to 20%), the present study has proposed to improve the flow passage of an inlet particle separator. An adjacent objective of the study is to lower pressure losses of the inlet particle separator (IPS). No particle has been included in the gas flow for a -epsilon turbulence model. The velocity distribution in different sections and the pressure coefficient along the duct have been analyzed, which indicates that there exist important low-velocity regions and vortices in the separation area. Therefore, the profile of streamlines along the original passage has been considered. This profile illustrated a vacuum region in the same area. All investigations suggest that the separation area is the most critical one for fulfilling the objective on pressure losses limitation. Then the flow passage improvement method has focused on the separation area. An improved shape has been designed in order to suit smoothly to the streamlines in this region. Similar numerical studies as those for the original shape have been conducted on this improved shape, confirming some considerable enhancements compared with the original shape. The significant vortices which appear in the original shape reduce in amount and size. Besides, pressure losses are greatly decreased in both outlets (up to 30% for high Reynolds number) and the flow is uniform at the main outlet. Subsequent engineering surveys could rely on expressions obtained for in both outlets which extend the pressure losses for a wide range of inlet Reynolds numbers. As a result, the numerical calculations demonstrate that the flow passage improvement method applied in this study has succeeded in designing a shape which enhances the flow behavior.

关键词： streamlines pressure losses flow passage improvement inlet particle separator (IPS)

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物质流分析的跟踪观察法

陆钟武

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第1期页码 18-25

摘要：

流动，是物质（如铜、铝等）流动和流体流动二者所具有的基本特征，基于这个论点，简要地回顾了流体力学中研究流体流动的两种方法，即拉格朗日法和欧拉法；相应地提出了物质流分析的两种方法，即跟踪观察法和定点观察法。由于前者在文献中未见报道，因此对它进行了重点说明。强调了物质流的跟踪观察法既适用于稳态物质流（产品产量不变），也适用于非稳态物质流（产品产量增长或下降）。以钢铁产品生命周期的铁流图为例，说明了物质流的跟踪模型。在引入了物质流的非稳度后，提出了物质流各项指标的计算式，以及它们之间的相互关系。以瑞典铅酸电池系统为对象，计算了其中铅流的各项指标，并进行了必要的分析。

关键词：物质流的研究方法物质流的跟踪观察法物质流的基本公式物质流的非稳度

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UPFC setting to avoid active power flow loop considering wind power uncertainty

Shenghu LI, Ting WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 165-175 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0686-z

摘要： The active power loop flow (APLF) may be caused by impropriate network configuration, impropriate parameter settings, and/or stochastic bus powers. The power flow controllers, e.g., the unified power flow controller (UPFC), may be the reason and the solution to the loop flows. In this paper, the critical existence condition of the APLF is newly integrated into the simultaneous power flow model for the system and UPFC. Compared with the existing method of alternatively solving the simultaneous power flow and sensitivity-based approaching to the critical existing condition, the integrated power flow needs less iterations and calculation time. Besides, with wind power fluctuation, the interval power flow (IPF) is introduced into the integrated power flow, and solved with the affine Krawcyzk iteration to make sure that the range of active power setting of the UPFC not yielding the APLF. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation, the IPF has the similar accuracy but less time.

关键词： active power loop flow (APLF) unified power flow controller (UPFC) wind power uncertainty interval power flow (IPF)

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A novel flow electrode capacitive deionization device with spindle-shaped desalting chamber

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1800-y

摘要：

● A spindle-shaped influent chamber was designed and equipped in FCDI system.

关键词： Spindle-shaped chamber Desalination performance Flow electrode capacitive deionization

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Simulation of horizontal slug-flow pneumatic conveying with kinetic theory

GU Zhengmeng, GUO Liejin

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 336-340 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0050-6

摘要： Wavelike slug-flow is a representative flow type in horizontal pneumatic conveying. Kinetic theory was introduced to establish a 3D kinetic numerical model for wavelike slug gas-solid flow in this paper. Wavelike motion of particulate slugs in horizontal pipes was numerically investigated. The formation and motion process of slugs and settled layer were simulated. The characteristics of the flow, such as pressure drop, air velocity distribution, slug length and settled layer thickness, and the detailed changing characteristics of slug length and settled layer thickness with air velocity were obtained. The results indicate that kinetic theory can represent the physical characteristics of the non-suspension dense phase flow of wavelike slug pneumatic conveying. The experiment in this paper introduced a new idea for the numerical calculation of slug-flow pneumatic conveying.

关键词： velocity distribution detailed slug-flow gas-solid theory

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Characterization and comparison of organic functional groups effects on electrolyte performance for vanadium redox flow

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期页码 1221-1230 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2298-8

摘要： The vanadium redox flow battery with a safe and capacity-controllable large-scale energy storage system offers a new method for the sustainability. In this case, acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid, amino methane sulfonic acid, and taurine are used to overcome the low electrolyte energy density and stability limitations, as well as to investigate the effects of various organic functional groups on the vanadium redox flow battery. When compared to the pristine electrolyte (0.22 Ah, 5.0 Wh·L^–1, 85.0%), the results show that taurine has the advantage of maintaining vanadium ion concentrations, discharge capacity (1.43 Ah), energy density (33.9 Wh·L^–1), and energy efficiency (90.5%) even after several cycles. The acetic acid electrolyte is more conducive to the low-temperature stability of the V(II) electrolyte (177 h at −25 °C) than pristine (82 h at −2 °C). The –SO₃H group, specifically the coaction of the –NH₂ and –SO₃H groups, improves electrolyte stability. The –NH₂ and –COOH additive groups improved conductivity and electrochemical activity.

关键词： vanadium redox flow battery functional groups organic additives energy density stability

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Experimental study on combined buoyant-thermocapillary flow along with rising liquid film on the surface

Manuel J. GOMES, Ning MEI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 114-126 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0483-5

摘要： Temperature distribution and variation with time has been considered in the analysis of the influences of the initial level of immersion of a horizontal metallic mesh tube in the liquid on combined buoyant and thermo-capillary flow. The combined flow occurs along with the rising liquid film flow on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube. Three different levels of immersion of the metallic mesh tube in the liquid have been tested. Experiments of 60 min in duration have been performed using a heating metallic tube with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 110 mm, sealed outside with a metallic mesh of 178 mm by 178 mm, and distilled water. These reveal two distinct flow patterns. Thermocouples and infrared thermal imager are utilized to measure the temperature. The level of the liquid free surface relative to the lower edge of the tube is measured as angle . The results show that for a smaller angle, or a low level of immersion, with a relatively low heating power, it is possible to near fully combine the upwards buoyant flow with the rising liquid film flow. In this case, the liquid is heated only in the vicinity of the tube, while the liquid away from the flow region experiences small changes in temperature and the system approaches steady conditions. For larger angles, or higher levels of immersion, a different flow pattern is noticed on the liquid free surface and identified as the thermo-capillary (Marangoni) flow. The rising liquid film is also present. The higher levels of immersion cause a high temperature gradient in the liquid free surface region and promote thermal stratification; therefore the system could not approach steady conditions.

关键词： rising liquid film combined flow thermo-capillary flow buoyant flow metallic mesh tube horizontal tube

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Comparison of membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of down-flow and up-flow biological activated carbon

Lu Ao, Wenjun Liu, Yang Qiao, Cuiping Li, Xiaomao Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1046-7

摘要：

The UF membrane fouling by down- and up-flow BAC effluents were compared.

Up-flow BAC effluent fouled the membrane faster than down-flow BAC effluent.

The combined effects dominated irreversible fouling.

The extent of fouling exacerbated by inorganic particles was higher.

关键词： Ultrafiltration Membrane fouling Down-flow biological activated carbon Up-flow biological activated carbon Particles Polysaccharide

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GIS-based numerical simulation of Amamioshima debris flow in Japan

Jian WU, Guangqi CHEN, Lu ZHENG, Yingbin ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 206-214 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0198-6

摘要： Debris flow is a rapid flow which could lead to severe flooding with catastrophic consequences such as damage to properties and loss of human lives. It is important to study the movement of debris flow. Since during a debris flow process, the erosion and deposition processes are important, the no entrainment assumption is not acceptable. In this study, first we considered the debris flow as equivalent fluid and adopted the depth-averaged govern equations to simulate the movements and evolution of river bed. Secondly, the set of partial differential equations was solved numerically by means of explicit staggered leap-frog scheme that is accurate in space and time. The grid of difference scheme was derived from GIS raster data. Then the simulation results can be displayed by GIS and easily used to form the hazard maps. Finally, the numerical model coupled with GIS is applied to simulate the debris flow occurred on Oct. 20th, 2010, in Amamioshima City, Japan. The simulation reproduces the movement, erosion and deposition. The results are shown to be consistent with the field investigation.

关键词： debris flow numerical simulation GIS movement erosion deposition

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Burnett simulations of gas flow and heat transfer in microchannels

Fubing BAO, Jianzhong LIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第3期页码 252-263 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0037-6

摘要： In micro- and nanoscale gas flows, the flow falls into the transition flow regime. There are not enough molecule collisions and the gas deviates from the equilibrium. The Navier-Stokes equations fail to describe the gas flow in this regime. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method converges slowly and requires lots of computational time. As a result, the high-order Burnett equations are used to study the gas flow and heat transfer characteristics in micro- and nanoscale gas flows in this paper. The Burnett equations are first reviewed, and the augmented Burnett equations with high-order slip boundary conditions are then used to model the gas flow and heat transfer in Couette and Poiseuille flows in the transition regime.

关键词： micro- and nanoscale gas flow slip-transition flow regime Burnett equations numerical simulation

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Study for entrained-flow gasifier modeling and measurement

Zhe WANG, Zheng LI, Fen HE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 400-403 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0510-0

摘要： The syngas composition change during the measurement process was analyzed using a detailed gas phase reaction mechanism. Results showed that the measurement error induced by the temperature and pressure change in the measurement process cannot be ignored. Based on the results, suggestions were proposed for syngas concentration measurement and temperature measurement.

关键词： entrained-flow gasifier syngas composition

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Cadmium and lead toxicity and bioaccumulation in

RZYMSKI Piotr,PONIEDZIALEK Barbara,NIEDZIELSKI Przemysław,TABACZEWSKI Piotr,WIKTOROWICZ Krzysztof

期刊论文

Flow cytometric assessment of the effects of chlorine, chloramine, and UV on bacteria by using nucleic

Xuebiao Nie, Wenjun Liu, Mo Chen, Minmin Liu, Lu Ao

期刊论文

大鼠骨髓间质干细胞的分离纯化与鉴定

张荣利,冯　雪,张会亮,罗国安,李连达,王义明

期刊论文